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  • yehoshua steinberg

ืฆื•: ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ ื•ืืฉ ~ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื’

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 18 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืณ 2022





ื•ื™ืงืจื ื•:ื‘ โ€“ ืฆึทื• ืึถืช ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึธึผื ึธื™ื• ืœึตืืžึนืจ ื–ึนืืช ืชึผื•ึนืจึทืช ื”ึธืขึนืœึธื” ื”ึดื•ื ื”ึธืขึนืœึธื” ืขึทืœ ืžื•ึนืงึฐื“ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึดึผื–ึฐื‘ึตึผื—ึท ื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึทืœึทึผื™ึฐืœึธื” ืขึทื“ ื”ึทื‘ึนึผืงึถืจ ื•ึฐืึตืฉื ื”ึทืžึดึผื–ึฐื‘ึตึผื—ึท ืชึผื•ึผืงึทื“ ื‘ึผื•ึน.

[ื ื—ืœืงื• ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ื•ืชโ€ื™ (ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœื•) ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ืžืœื” โ€œืžื•ืงื“ื”โ€. ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืชืจื’ืžื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸย  ื‘ื™ืขื•ืจ[1], ื•ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉื” ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืืฉ]: ืชโ€ื โ€“ ื“ืžืชื•ืงื“ื ืขืœ ืžื“ื‘ื—ื ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื™ื; ืชโ€ื™ โ€“ ื•ืงึธื™ึฐืžึธื ืขึทืœ ืึฒืชึทืจ ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึฐืงึดื™ื“ึฐืชึธึผื [ื•ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“] ืขึทืœ ืžึทื“ึฐื‘ึทึผื— ื›ึธึผืœ ืœึตื™ืœึฐื™ึธื.

[ื’ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ; ื™ืฉ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ืืช ื”ืžืœื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸย  ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื•ื”ื‘ืขืจื”, ื›ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ]: ืžื ื—ื (ืขืจืš โ€˜ืงื“โ€™) โ€“ ืขึทืœ ืžื•ึนืงึฐื“ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึดึผื–ึฐื‘ึตึผื—ึท. ืขื ื™ืŸ ืชื‘ืขืจื”. ืจื“โ€ืง (ืขืจืš โ€˜ื™ืงื“โ€™) โ€“ ืขึทืœ ืžื•ึนืงึฐื“ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึดึผื–ึฐื‘ึตึผื—ึท (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื•:ื‘)โ€ฆ ื•ึฐื”ึธืึตืฉื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึดึผื–ึฐื‘ึตึผื—ึท ืชึผื•ึผืงึทื“ ื‘ึผื•ึน (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื•:ื”). ืขื ื™ื ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขืจื”[2]. ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื•:ื‘) โ€“ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ โ€œืขืœ ืžื•ืงื“ื”โ€ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืืžืจ: ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ, ื›ืืžืจื•: ื™ึตืงึทื“ ื™ึฐืงึนื“ ื›ึดึผื™ืงื•ึนื“ ืึตืฉื (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื™:ื˜ื–).

[ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื•ื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸย  ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืจืช ื”ืืฉ, ื›ื“ืขืช ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื”ื โ€ืœ]: ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื‘:ื“ โ€“ ื•ึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึนืชึทื™ ื›ึฐึผืžื•ึนืงึตื“ ื ึดื—ึธืจื•ึผ; ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื—ื™ื•ืŸ[3] โ€“ ื›ืžื•ืงื“ โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื“ืœืง ื‘ื• ื”ืืฉ ื‘ืชืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืฉืจืฉื• โ€˜ื™ืงื“โ€™ ื›ืžื•: ื™ึตืงึทื“ ื™ึฐืงึนื“ ื›ึดึผื™ืงื•ึนื“ ืึตืฉื (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื™:ื˜ื–), ืขึทืœ ืžื•ึนืงึฐื“ึธื” (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื•:ื‘); ืžืฆโ€ืฆ โ€“ ื›ืžื•ืงื“ โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื”ื‘ืขืจืช ื”ืืฉ, ื›ืžื•: ืขึทืœ ืžื•ึนืงึฐื“ึธื” (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื•:ื‘). [ื•ื›ืš ืžืฉืชืžืข ื’ื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืฉโ€ื™ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืชืจื•ืžื”]: ืจืฉโ€ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื–:ื’ โ€“ ืœึทื—ึฐืชึผื•ึนืช ืึตืฉื ืžึดื™ึธึผืงื•ึผื“ (ื™ืฉืขโ€™ ืœ:ื™ื“), ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื‘ืช ืืฉ ืžืžืงื•ืžื”. [ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘โ€ื (ืคื”ืžโ€ืฉ), ืฉืงืจื ืœื›ื™ืจื” โ€œืžื•ืงื“โ€]: ืจืžื‘โ€ื ืคื”ืžโ€ืฉ ื›ืœื™ื ื”:ื‘ โ€“ ื›ื™ืจื”, ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ (โ€œืžืกืชื•ืงื“โ€ ื‘ืชืขืชื™ืง ืžื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช[4]) ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืคื™ืชืช ืฉืชื™ ืงื“ืจื•ืช. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืคื™ืชืช ืฉืชื™ ืงื“ืจื•ืช.

[ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ โ€œืžื•ืงื“ื”โ€ (1. ืืฉ ื‘ื•ืขืจืช 2. ืžืงื•ื ื”ืืฉ), ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ืย  ืืฉ. ืื•ืœื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžืœื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืจื“ืคื•ืช ืœืืฉ[5], ื•ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื”. ื”ื•ืจืืช ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืฉืœ โ€œื“ืœื™ืงื”โ€ ืœืžืฉืœ, ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉโ€ื™ ืžื”ื•ืจืืชย  ืจื“ื™ืคื” ืฉืœื”[6] โ€“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืฉย  ื”ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืš, ื”ืžืœื” โ€œืžื“ื•ืจื”โ€ ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืืฉย  ืขืจื•ื›ื” ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช. ื•ื›ืŸ, ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื”ื ืงืจื โ€œื™ืงื•ื“โ€ ื”ื™ื ืืฉ ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช ื•ืžื›ื•ื ืกืช, ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืœื‘ื™โ€ื]: ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื™:ื˜ื– โ€“ ื™ึตืงึทื“ ื™ึฐืงึนื“ ื›ึดึผื™ืงื•ึนื“ ืึตืฉื; ืžืœื‘ื™โ€ื โ€“ ื™ืงื“ ื™ืงื“. ื™ืงื“ ื ื‘ื“ืœ ืžื ืจื“ืคื™ื•, ืฉื’ื“ืจื• ืžื“ื•ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ืก. [ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ืฉื‘ืช ื:ื™ื, ืชืžื™ื“ ื:ื), ื”ืžื•ืงื“ ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื’ื โ€œืžื“ื•ืจื”โ€, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืฉ ืกื“ื•ืจื” ื•ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช. ื•ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื™ื•ืžื, ืจืฉโ€ื™ ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ โ€œืžื•ืงื“ื”โ€ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ โ€œืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื“ื•ืจื”โ€]: ืจืฉโ€ื™ ื™ื•ืžื ื›ื‘. โ€“ ื•ื”ืืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืชื•ืงื“ ื‘ื• ื•ื’ื•โ€™, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื•ืงื“ื” ืฉื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ โ€“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื“ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื. [ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืืฉ ื”ื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ื™ืย  ืืฉ ืขืจื•ื›ื”, ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช ื•ืžื›ื•ื ืกืช[7]].

[ืœืคื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื ื—ื ื‘ืŸ ืกืจื•ืง, ืฉืจืฉื” ืฉืœ โ€œืžื•ืงื“ื”โ€ ื”ื•ื ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช โ€˜ืงื“โ€™. ืื•ืœื ืžื ื—ื ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืจืš โ€˜ืงื“โ€™ ื’ื ืฉืชื™ ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช]:

ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื ื—ื โ€“ ืขืจืš โ€˜ืงื“โ€™โ€ (ืชโ€ื“)

ืžื—ืœืงื” 1. [ืžื•ืงื“ ื”ืืฉ] โ€“ ื•ึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึนืชึทื™ ื›ึฐึผืžื•ึนืงึตื“ ื ึดื—ึธืจื•ึผ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื‘:ื“), ื•ึทืชึดึผื™ืงึทื“ ืขึทื“ ืฉึฐืืื•ึนืœ ืชึทึผื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ืช (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘:ื›ื‘), ื•ึฐืชึทื—ึทืช ื›ึฐึผื‘ึนื“ื•ึน ื™ึตืงึทื“ ื™ึฐืงึนื“ ื›ึดึผื™ืงื•ึนื“ ืึตืฉื (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื™:ื˜ื–), ืขึทืœ ืžื•ึนืงึฐื“ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึดึผื–ึฐื‘ึตึผื—ึท (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื•:ื‘) โ€“ ืขื ื™ืŸย  ืชื‘ืขืจื” ื”ื.โ€

ืžื—ืœืงื” 2ื. [ืงื“ืงื•ื“ (ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช)] โ€“ ื•ึผืœึฐืงึธื“ึฐืงึนื“ ื ึฐื–ึดื™ืจ ืึถื—ึธื™ื• (ืฉื ืžื˜:ื›ื•), ืžึดื›ึทึผืฃ ืจึทื’ึฐืœื•ึน ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืงึธื“ึฐืงึณื“ื•ึน (ืฉโ€ื‘ ื™ื“:ื›ื”).

ืžื—ืœืงื” 2ื‘. [ืงื™ื“ื” (ื›ืจื™ืขื”)] โ€“ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึนึผื“ ื”ึธืึดื™ืฉื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื“:ื›ื•), ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐึผื“ื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืชึทึผื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ (ืฉื ืžื’:ื›ื—) โ€“ ืขื ื™ืŸย  ืฉื—ื•ื— ื›ืคื™ืคืช ืงื“ืงื“[8].

ืžื—ืœืงื” 3. [ืงื™ื“ื” (ืžื™ืŸย  ื‘ื•ืฉื)] โ€“ ื•ึฐืงึดื“ึธึผื” ื—ึฒืžึตืฉื ืžึตืื•ึนืช (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ:ื›ื“) โ€“ ืžืžื™ื ื™ ืกืžื ื™ื ื”ื•ื.โ€

[ืืžื ื, ื ืœืขโ€ื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืฉื”ืžืœื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืžื ื—ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ื–ื” ืžืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื โ€ืœ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื•: 1. ืืฉ ืžื›ื•ื ืกืช ื•ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช. 2. ื‘ื”ืฉืืœื”, ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืงื“ืงื•ื“. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉื—ื‘ืจ ืžื ื—ื ืœืคื™ ื–ื”]:

  1. 1. โ€œืžื•ืงื“โ€: [ืืฉ ืžื›ื•ื ืกืช ื•ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช, ื›ื โ€ืœ].

2ื. โ€œืงื“ืงื“โ€: [ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™. [ื”ืžืœื” โ€œืžื•ืงื“โ€ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ (ืžื™ื•ื—ืก) ื›ืžืœื” ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืช ืœโ€ืงื“ืงื“โ€]: ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื:ื™ื— โ€“ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐื˜ื•ึนื˜ึธืคึนืช ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื›ึถื; ืชโ€ื™ โ€“ ื•ึดื™ื”ื•ึนืŸ ืœึดืชึฐืคึดื™ืœึดื™ืŸ ืงึณื‘ึตื™ืœ ืžื•ึนืงึฐื“ึตื™ื›ื•ึนืŸ[9] ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื›ื•ึนืŸ; ื›ืชืจ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ โ€“ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืชืคึดืœื™ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงื“ืงื“ื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื[10].

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•:ื— โ€“ ื•ึผืงึฐืฉึทืืจึฐืชึธึผื ืœึฐืื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื™ึธื“ึถืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐื˜ึนื˜ึธืคึนืช ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ืขึตื™ื ึถื™ืšึธ; ืชโ€ื™ โ€“ ืœึดืชึฐืคึดื™ืœึดื™ืŸ ืขึทืœ ืžื•ึนืงึฐื“ึธืšึฐ ื›ึปึผืœึผื•ึน ืงื‘ึตื™ืœ ืขึทืœ ืขึตื™ื ึธืšึฐ.

2ื‘. โ€˜ืงื™ื“ื”โ€™: [ื‘ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžโ€ืงื“ืงื•ื“โ€ โ€“ ื›ืคื™ืคืช ื”ืงื“ืงื•ื“]: ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื’:ื›ื— โ€“ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐึผื“ื•ึผ ื•ื™ืฉืชื—ื• ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืชึทึผื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ; ืจืฉโ€ื™ โ€“ ื•ื™ืงื“ื• ื•ื™ืฉืชื—ื• โ€“ ืงื™ื“ื” ื›ืคื™ืคืช ืงื“ืงื“[11].

  1. 3. โ€œืงื™ื“ื”โ€: [ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืฉื. ื‘ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžโ€ื™ืงื™ื“ื”โ€ โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืฉืงื™ืฉืจื• ืฉื โ€œืงื™ื“ื”โ€ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืืฉ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืžืื“ ื›ืžื• ืืฉ ื™ื•ืงื“ืช[12]. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื™ืคื” ืขื ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืืœื• ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื‘ื•ืฉื ื”โ€ืงื™ื“ื”โ€ ืขื ื”โ€ืงื•ืฉื˜โ€[13], ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื•ืš ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืฉื˜]: ืขืจื•ืš (ืขืจืš โ€˜ืงืฉื˜โ€™ ืโ€™) โ€“ ืขืฅ ืงื˜ืŸ[14] ื•ืจื™ื—ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื˜ืขืžื• ืžืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืžืื“[15].

[ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœืžื”[16] ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชื™ ืžืœื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื ื’ื–ืจื™ ืฉืจืฉ โ€˜ืงื“โ€™, ื•ื”ืŸ: ื) โ€œืงื“ืโ€ ื‘) โ€œื ืงื•ื“ื”โ€. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืืฃ ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื โ€ืœ]:

  1. 4. โ€œืงื“ืโ€ โ€“ [ืฆื“ ืžื–ืจื—, ืžืงื•ืจ ื•ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื–ืจื™ื—ืช ื”ื—ืžื”, ืžืžื ื” ื ืคืขืœื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช] [17].

  2. 5. โ€œื ืงื•ื“ื”โ€ โ€“ [ืžืงื•ื ื›ื”ื”, ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืฃ. ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืข ืžืจืฉโ€ื™, ืฉื’ื–ืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ โ€œื ืงื•ื“ื™ืโ€ ืžืŸ โ€œืžื•ืงื“โ€ (ืžื“ื•ืจื”)]: ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื˜:ื” โ€“ ื™ึธื‘ึตืฉื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื ึดืงึปึผื“ึดื™ื; ืจืฉโ€ื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื™ื โ€“ ืืจืฉื™โ€ืฅ ื‘ืœืขโ€ื–, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“[18]. ื•ื›ืŸ ืชืจื’ืžื• ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ: ื›ืกื ื™ืŸ[19].

[ื•ื ืจืื” ืœืขโ€ื“ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื™ื ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช โ€˜ืงื“โ€™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื–ื•, ื•ืืฃ ืœื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช]:

  1. 6. โ€œืขืงื“โ€ โ€“ [ืงืฉื™ืจื”, ื›ื™ื ื•ืก, ืจื™ื›ื•ื–]. ืžโ€ื‘ ื™:ื™ื‘ โ€“ ื•ึทื™ึธึผืงึธื ื•ึทื™ึธึผื‘ึนื ื•ึทื™ึตึผืœึถืšึฐ ืฉึนืืžึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ืขึตืงึถื“ ื”ึธืจึนืขึดื™ื ื‘ึทึผื“ึธึผืจึถืšึฐ; ืชโ€ื™ โ€“ ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื›ึฐึผื ึดื™ืฉึทืืช ืจึทืขึฒื™ึธื ื‘ึฐึผืื•ึนืจึฐื—ึธื; ืจืฉโ€ื™ โ€“ ื‘ื™ืช ืขืงื“ ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ื™ืฉืช ืจืขื™ื, ืขืงื“, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงืฉืจ, ืžืงื•ื ืืกื™ืคืช ืจื•ืขื™ื. [ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืงื™ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ โ€œืขืงื“โ€ ืœโ€ืงื™ื“ื”โ€ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™]: ืฉืžื•ืช ื“:ืœื โ€“ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐึผื“ื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืชึทึผื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ; ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ โ€“ ื•ื™ืงื“ื• โ€“ [ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืชืจื’ืžื”:] ื•ืขืงื“ื•, ื›ืืœื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืขืงื“ื• ื•ื—ืกืจื” ืคโ€™ ื”ืคืขืœ. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขืงื™ื“ื”, ืฉื”ื›ื•ืจืข ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื• ื•ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืืœื• ืจื’ืœื™ื• ืขืงื•ื“ื™ื[20].

  2. 7. โ€œืฉืงื“โ€ โ€“ [ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช, ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืžืกืจื•ืช ืžืชืžื“ืช[21], ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช]: ื™ืจโ€™ ื:ื™ื‘ โ€“ ื›ึดึผื™ ืฉึนืืงึตื“ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื“ึฐึผื‘ึธืจึดื™ ืœึทืขึฒืฉึนื‚ืชื•ึน. [ืจืฉืจโ€ื” ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืœื” ื›ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื•ื”ืคื ื™ื™ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื]: ืจืฉืจโ€ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื–:ื˜ โ€“ โ€˜ืฉืงื“โ€™ โ€“ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช.

  3. 8. โ€œืงื“ืฉโ€ โ€“ [ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืฉโ€ื™]: ืจืฉโ€œื™ ื‘ืจโ€™ ืœื—:ื›ื โ€“ ื”ึทืงึฐื“ึตืฉึธืื” โ€“ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ื•ืžื–ื•ืžื ืช ืœื–ื ื•ืช[22]; [ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืฉืจโ€ื”, ื”ืชืžืกืจื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื]: ืจืฉืจโ€ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื’:ื™ื— โ€“ ืœึนื ืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืงึฐื“ึตืฉึธืื” โ€“ ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉโ€™ืงื“ื•ืฉโ€™ ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืกืจื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื”[23] ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™, ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืจื” โ€˜ืงื“ืฉโ€™ ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืกืจื•ืช ืœืจืข ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™. [24]

  4. 9. โ€œืคืงื“โ€ โ€“ [ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืœืฉืจืฉ โ€˜ืคืงื“โ€™ ื‘ืžืงืจื[25]. ืื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ืจืžื‘โ€ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœืŸ ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื–ื›ื™ืจื”, ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื”[26], ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•]: ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื:ื’ โ€“ ื›ึธึผืœ ื™ึนืฆึตื ืฆึธื‘ึธื ื‘ึฐึผื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืชึดึผืคึฐืงึฐื“ื•ึผ ืึนืชึธื; ืจืžื‘โ€ืŸ ืฉื ื‘-ื’ โ€“ ืชืคืงื“ื• ืื•ืชื โ€“ ืขื ื™ืŸ โ€œืคืงื™ื“ื”โ€ ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ: ื•ื”โ€™ ืคืงื“ ืืช ืฉืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื:ื), ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืœื ื™ืžืœื˜ ืžื”ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื“ืขืชื™, ื•ื’ื โ€œืคืงื“ื•ืŸโ€ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืฉืžื™ืจืชื• ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื• ืขืœื™ื•. [27] [ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืืœื• (ื–ื›ื™ืจื”, ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื”) ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช โ€œืฉืงื“โ€ ื•โ€ืงื“ืฉโ€ ื”ื โ€ืœ, ื”ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืกืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื›ื–ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื].

  5. 10. โ€œืงื“ื—โ€ โ€“ [ื—ื•ื ื‘ื•ืขืจ/ืจืชื™ื—ื”]: ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื•:ื˜ื– โ€“ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึทึผืื—ึถืคึถืช ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทืงึทึผื“ึทึผื—ึทืช; ืจืฉโ€ื™ โ€“ ืงื“ื—ืช โ€“ ื—ื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืงื“ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืžื—ืžืžืชื• ื•ืžื‘ืขื™ืจื•, ื›ืžื•: ื›ื™ ืืฉ ืงื“ื—ื” ื‘ืืคื™ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘:ื›ื‘). [ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืฉโ€ื™, ื”ืฉืจืฉื™ื โ€˜ืงื“ื—โ€™ ื•โ€™ื™ืงื“โ€™ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืืฉ ื‘ื•ืขืจืช]: ื“ื‘โ€™ ืœื‘:ื›ื‘ โ€“ ื›ึดึผื™ ืึตืฉื ืงึธื“ึฐื—ึธื” ื‘ึฐืึทืคึดึผื™ ื•ึทืชึดึผื™ืงึทื“ ืขึทื“ ืฉึฐืืื•ึนืœ ืชึทึผื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ืช. [ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืš ื’ื]: ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื™ื–:ื“ โ€“ ื›ึดึผื™ ืึตืฉื ืงึฐื“ึทื—ึฐืชึถึผื ื‘ึฐึผืึทืคึดึผื™ ืขึทื“ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืชึผื•ึผืงึธื“; ืจืฉโ€ื™ โ€“ ื›ื™ ืืฉ ืงื“ื—ืชื ื‘ืืคื™ โ€“ ื™ืงื“ืชื ื‘ื ื—ื™ืจื™. [ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ, ื•ื”ืฆื™ืข ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช โ€˜ืงื“โ€™]: ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘:ื›ื‘ โ€“ ื›ึดึผื™ ืึตืฉื ืงึธื“ึฐื—ึธื” ื‘ึฐืึทืคึดึผื™ โ€“ ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ โ€“ ืฉืจืฉ โ€˜ื™ืงื“โ€™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื• โ€˜ืงื“โ€™โ€ฆ ืฉืจืฉ โ€˜ืงื“ื—โ€™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื• โ€˜ืงื“โ€™ โ€“ ื”ืืฉ ื™ื•ืงื“ืช ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื ืฉืจืฃ.

ย ย ย  [ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–โ€ืœ ื ืฉืืœื” ื”ืžืœื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸย  ื ื™ืงื•ื‘]: ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื‘:ื โ€“ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนื“ึตื—ึท ื›ึธึผืœ ืฉึถืื”ื•ึผื ื—ึทื™ึธึผื‘; ืจืขโ€ื‘ โ€“ ื”ืงื•ื“ื— โ€“ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘. [ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืฉ ื”ืงื“ื—ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื•ืจืคืช ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื” ืืœ ื”ืงืฆื”, ืžืขื™ืŸ โ€œื—ื•ื ืงื•ื“ืจโ€ ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื”ื‘ื].

  1. 11. โ€œืงื“ืจโ€ โ€“ [ืฉืจืฉ โ€˜ืงื“ืจโ€™ ื‘ืžืงืจื ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฉืš ื•ืืคื™ืœื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ]: ื™ืจโ€™ ื—:ื›ื โ€“ ืงึธื“ึทืจึฐืชึดึผื™ ืฉึทืืžึธึผื” ื”ึถื—ึฑื–ึดืงึธืชึฐื ึดื™; ืจืฉโ€ื™ โ€“ ืงื“ืจืชื™ โ€“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืื•ืคืœ. ื™ื—ื–โ€™ ืœื:ื˜ื• โ€“ ื•ึธืึทืงึฐื“ึดึผืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืœึฐื‘ึธื ื•ึนืŸ; ืจืฉโ€ื™ โ€“ ื•ืืงื“ื™ืจ โ€“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืจื•ืช.

ย ย ย  [ืื•ืœื, ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–โ€ืœ, ื”ืžืœื” ืžื•ืจื” ืขโ€ืค ืจื•ื‘ ืขืœย  ืงื“ื™ื—ื” ื•ื ื™ืงื•ื‘, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช]: ืขื™ืจื•ื‘โ€™ ืœื”: โ€“ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉืžืงื“ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื[28]; ืจืฉโ€œื™ โ€“ ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืงื“ืจื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื ื•ืงื‘ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื›ื˜. โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ืงื‘; ืจืฉโ€œื™ โ€“ ืงื•ื“ืจ โ€“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ื•ืงื‘. ืขโ€ื– ืœื‘. โ€“ ืื™ื–ื”ื• ืขื•ืจ ืœื‘ื•ื‘? ื›ืœ ืฉืงืจื•ืขโ€ฆ ื•ืงื“ื•ืจ ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื‘ื”; ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ โ€“ ื•ืงื“ื•ืจ- ืงื“ื•ื— ื ืงื‘[29] ืขื’ื•ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืœื‘.

ย ย ย  [ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืฉืจืžื– ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸย  ืฉื—ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืงื•ื‘ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืœื” ื”ืืจืžื™ืช โ€œืงื“ื™ืจื”โ€/โ€ืงื“ื™ืจืโ€, ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ย  ืกื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ. ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื•ืกืฃ ื”ืขืจื•ืš (ืขืจืš โ€˜ืงื“ืจโ€™ ื‘โ€™) ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื›ืŸ ืขโ€ืฉ ืฉื ืฉื—ืจืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื ื”ืืฉ ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช[30]. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชื•ืฆืืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื—ืจื”, ื›ืš ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ื—ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืœื ืงื•ื‘, ื›ื“ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉโ€ื™ ืืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ โ€œืžืงื“ื™ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื—ืžื”โ€]: ืฉื ื’. โ€“ ื•ื”ืงื‘โ€ื” ืžืงื“ื™ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื—ืžื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืชืžื•ื–; ืจืฉโ€ื™ โ€“ ืžืงื“ื™ืจ โ€“ [ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ื•ืงื‘ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ] ืžื ืงื‘ืช ื‘ื›ื— ื—ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ[31].

ย ย ย  [ืœืคื™ ื–ื”, ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืชย  ืฉื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸย  ื ื™ืงื•ื‘ ืฉืื•ืœื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื ื”ืืฉ, ื”ืžืฉื—ื™ืจื” ืžื˜ื‘ืขื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ืžืจื•ื›ื–, ื”ืžืชื—ืžื ืžืžื ื• ื—ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืžืงื“ื—ื” ื ื•ืงื‘ืช ืืช ื‘ืฉืจื•.

ย ย ย  [ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืžืคืชื— ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ืคืจืฉโ€ื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘, ื”ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื (ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื•ื” ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸย  ื—ื•ืฉืš), ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ โ€œืงื•ื“ืจโ€ ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ โ€œืงืžื™ื˜ื”โ€]: ืื™ื•ื‘ ื”:ื™ื โ€“ ืœึธืฉื‚ื•ึผื ืฉึฐืืคึธืœึดื™ื ืœึฐืžึธืจื•ึนื ื•ึฐืงึนื“ึฐืจึดื™ื ืฉึธื‚ื’ึฐื‘ื•ึผ ื™ึถืฉึทืืข; ืจืฉโ€ื™ โ€“ ืงื•ื“ืจื™ื โ€“ ืฉืงื•ืžื˜ื™ื ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืจืขื‘. ืื™ื•ื‘ ื•:ื˜ื– โ€“ ื”ึทืงึนึผื“ึฐืจึดื™ื ืžึดื ึดึผื™ ืงึธืจึทื—; ืจืฉโ€ื™ โ€“ ื”ืงื•ื“ืจื™ื ืžื ื™ ืงืจื— โ€“ ืื ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืงืจื— ื ืงืžื˜ื™ื ื•ื ืขืฉื™ื ืงื“ืจื™ื[32]. ืื™ื•ื‘ ื˜ื–:ื— โ€“ ื•ึทืชึดึผืงึฐืžึฐื˜ึตื ึดื™ ืœึฐืขึตื“ ื”ึธื™ึธื”; ืจืฉโ€ื™ โ€“ ื•ึทืชึดึผืงึฐืžึฐื˜ึตื ึดื™ ืœึฐืขึตื“ ื”ื™ื” โ€“ ื”ืงืžื˜ืชื ื™ ื•ื”ืงื“ืจืชื ื™. [ื•ื”ืจื™ ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ โ€œืงื“ื™ืจื”โ€ ืœโ€ืงืžื™ื˜ื”โ€?].

ย ย ย  [ืืœื ื™โ€ืœ ืฉื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืจืฉ โ€˜ืงื“ืจโ€™ ื”ื™ืย  ื—ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ืžืจื•ื›ื–, ื›ื โ€ืœ. ื—ื•ื ื›ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืจ, ืœื ืงื•ื‘ ื•ืœืงืžื˜[33]. ืชื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ืžื•ื˜ ื”ื™ืย  ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ, ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืก[34]. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืฉืจืฉ โ€˜ืงื“ืจโ€™ ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืชย  ื›ื™ื ื•ืก ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื–].

  1. 12. โ€˜ืจืงื“โ€™ โ€“ [โ€œืžืจืงื“โ€[35] ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžืœโ€ื˜ ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืกื•ืœืช, ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืฉโ€ื™ ื‘ื’ืžืจื]: ืฉื‘ืช ืขื’: โ€“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื–ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ืจืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืจืงื“; ืจืฉโ€ื™ โ€“ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืœืื›ื” ืื—ืช ื”ืŸ, ื“ืžืคืจื™ืฉ ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช. [ื‘ื“ืจืš ื“ืจืฉ, ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ืจืžืชื™ื ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืฉืžืœืื›ืช โ€œืžืจืงื“โ€ ืงืจื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืฉื ืงื“ื•ืฉื”]: ืจืžืชื™ื ืฆื•ืคื™ื[36] โ€“ [ืจื™ืงื•ื“] ื”ื•ื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืขื’.) โ€“ ื”ืžืจืงื“โ€ฆ ืฉืžืคืจื™ื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ืื• ืœื”ื™ืคื•ืš. ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“, ืฉืžืคืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื ืฉืžื”. [ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืชื›ืœื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืœืื›ืช โ€œืžืจืงื“โ€ ื”ื™ื ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ (ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘). ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื ืชื›ืœื™ืชื• ืฉืœ โ€œืจื™ืงื•ื“โ€ โ€“ ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ื”ื ืขืœื”, ื•ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื•ื“ื•ืช. ื”ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืจืงื“ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ ื•ื”ืจืฆื•ื™].

ย ย ย  [ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื›ื–ื”, ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืืฆืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืขโ€ื”]: ืฉโ€ื‘ ื•:ื˜ื– โ€“ ื“ึธึผื•ึดื“ ืžึฐืคึทื–ึตึผื– ื•ึผืžึฐื›ึทืจึฐื›ึตึผืจ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”โ€™; ืชโ€ื™ โ€“ ื“ึธื•ึดื“ ืžึฐืจึทืงึตื“ ื•ึผืžึฐืฉึทืื‘ึทึผื— ืงึณื“ึธื ื”โ€™. ืจืœื‘โ€ื’ ืฉโ€ื‘ ื›ื:ื›ื โ€“ ืฉื”ื™ื” [ื“ื•ื“] ืžืคื–ื– ื•ืžื›ืจื›ืจ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืขื•ืฆื ืฉืžื—ืชื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉโ€ื™[37]. [ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืจืฉโ€ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ โ€œืžื›ืจื›ืจโ€ย  ื›ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ืกืชื, ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืžื”ืจื™โ€ื ืงืจื ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื™ืงื•ื“ย  ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘]: ืฉโ€ื‘ ื•:ื™ื“ โ€“ ื•ึฐื“ึธื•ึดื“ ืžึฐื›ึทืจึฐื›ึตึผืจ ื‘ึฐึผื›ึธืœ ืขึนื– ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”โ€™; ืจืฉโ€ื™ โ€“ ืžื›ืจื›ืจ โ€“ ืžืจืงื“; ืžื”ืจื™โ€ื ืงืจื โ€“ ืžื›ืจื›ืจ ืžืกื‘ื‘ ื•ืžืฉื—ืง. [ืœืคื™ ื”ืจื•ืงื—, ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ื”ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืชโ€“ ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื’ืื•ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื•]: ืกืคืจ ื”ืจื•ืงื— (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช, ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืขื ื•ื”) โ€“ ื•ื™ื ื— ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื•ืช ื›ืื”ืจืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘: ื•ื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ, ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื’ื‘ื”ื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืขืœืชื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื•: ื•ึทืชึตึผืจึถื ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึถึผืœึถืšึฐ ื“ึธึผื•ึดื“ ืžึฐืคึทื–ึตึผื– ื•ึผืžึฐื›ึทืจึฐื›ึตึผืจ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”โ€™[38] (ืฉโ€ื‘ ื•:ื˜ื–).

ย ย ย  [ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืฉื‘ื›ืจื›ื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื”ืžืขโ€ื” ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ืจ ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื”[39] ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื” ื‘ืขืช ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื–ื”ื‘ ืžืกื™ื’ื™ื•[40]. ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” โ€œืžื›ืจื›ืจโ€ ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ืงืจื โ€œืžืคื–ื–โ€, ื›ื“ืœื”ืœืŸ]:

ย ย ย  [ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืฅ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” โ€œืžื•ืคื–โ€ ื ืงืจื ื›ืŸ ืขโ€ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื ื•ืฆืฅ ื•ืžืจืงื“ ื‘ืื•ืจ]: ืฉื”โ€ืฉ ืจื‘ื” (ื•ื™ืœื ื) ื’:ื’ โ€“ ื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ืžื•ึผืคึธื– (ืžโ€ื ื™:ื™ื—) โ€“ ืจโ€™ ืคื˜ืจื™ืงื™ ืื—ื•ื™ ื“ืจโ€™ ื“ืจื•ืกื” ื‘ืฉื ืจโ€™ ืื‘ื ื‘ืจโ€™ ื‘ื•ื ื ืืžืจ: ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื’ืคืจื™ืช ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžื•ืฆืฆืช ื‘ืืฉ; ืขืฅ ื™ื•ืกืฃ โ€“ ืœื’ืคืจื™ืช ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžื•ืฆืฆืช ื‘ืืฉ โ€“ ืคื™โ€™ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆืช ื‘ืืฉ, ืžืจืื™ืชื• ื–ืš ื•ื˜ื”ื•ืจ, ื•ื ื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ืžืžื ื” ืžืจืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื”ื™ืงื•ืช. ื•ื™ืคืจืฉ ืžื•ืคื– ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืคื–ื– ื•ืžื›ืจื›ืจ[41]. [ื ื™ืฆื ื•ืฆื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœืคื™ ืจืžืช ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ืฉืœื•, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื‘ืจืง ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื‘ ืžื•ืคื– ืœื–ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ืขืœ ืกื™ื’ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื–ืจื™ื[42]. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืคโ€ื– ืฉื”โ€ืžื›ืจื›ืจโ€ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื•ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”โ€ืžืคื–ื–โ€ ืงื•ืคืฅ ื‘ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืžืจื•ื›ื–].

ย ย ย  [ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืชื›ืœื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื“ื•ืžื”: ื) ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช. ื‘) ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืชื‘ื•ืื” ืžื ื•ืงื” ืžืคืกื•ืœืช, ืžื›ื•ื ืกืช ื•ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช].

[ื™ื”โ€ืจ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœืฉืงื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืื™ืฉื”ึผ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืชื•ืงื“ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ืงื“ืงื“ื ื• ื›ืงื™ื“ื” ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจืช. ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืจืงื•ื“ ื‘ืขืช ืคืงื•ื“ ืžืฉื™ื— ืฆื“ืงื™ื ื•, ื•ืœื™ืงื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืงื“ืฉื•, ื‘ื‘โ€ื].

ย [1] ื ืชื™ื ื” ืœื’ืจ (ืจโ€™ ื ืชืŸ ืื“ืœืจ) โ€“ ืžืคืจืฉ [ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก] โ€œืžื•ืงื“ื”โ€ ืœืคืขืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื [ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืžื™] ืืชืคืขืœ, ืžืฉื•ืจืฉ โ€˜ื™ืงื“โ€™.

ย [2] [ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืจื“โ€ืง ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื ืคื™ืจืฉ ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™]: ืชื”โ€™ ืงื‘:ื“ โ€“ ื›ึฐึผืžื•ึนืงึตื“ ื ึดื—ึธืจื•ึผ; ืจื“โ€ืง โ€“ ื›ืžื•ืงื“, ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื“ื•ืœืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ึดืงึธึผืจึตื ืžื•ืงื“. [ื•ื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืœืช โ€œื™ืงื•ื“โ€ ื›ืฉื ืขืฆื ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืืฉ]: ื™ืฉืขโ€™ ืœ:ื™ื“ โ€“ ืœึทื—ึฐืชึผื•ึนืช ืึตืฉื ืžึดื™ึธึผืงื•ึผื“; ืจื“โ€ืง โ€“ ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื•ืงื“ืช ื‘ื• ื”ืืฉ ื ืงืจื ื™ืงื•ื“. ืจื“โ€ืง (ืขืจืš โ€˜ื™ืงื“โ€™) โ€“ ื•ื”ืฉื ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื•ืงื“ืช ื‘ื• ื”ืืฉ: ืœึทื—ึฐืชึผื•ึนืช ืึตืฉื ืžึดื™ึธึผืงื•ึผื“ (ื™ืฉืขโ€™ ืœ:ื™ื“).

ย [3] [ืจืืฉ ืจื‘ื ื™ ืœื™ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ].

ย [4] [ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื ืœื›ื™ืจื” โ€œืžื•ืงื“ื”โ€ (โ€œืืœืžื•ืงื“ื”โ€ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช)]: ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืกืคื™ืง (ืขืจืš โ€˜ื›ื™ืจโ€™) โ€“ ื›ื™ืจื” โ€“ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืคื™ืชืช ืฉืชื™ ืงื“ืจื•ืช: ื”ื›ื•ืคื— ื•ื”ื›ื™ืจื” โ€“ ื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื”. [ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช]: ื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ ืืœืžื•ืงื“ื”.

ย [5] [ื‘ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ (ืขืจืš โ€˜ืฉืจืฃโ€™) ืžื ื” ื™โ€ื—, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืืฉ, ื“ืœืง, ื‘ืขืจ, ืฉืจืฃ, ื™ืงื“, ื™ืฆืช, ืงื“ื—, ื ืฉื‚ืง (ื”ื™ืกืง), ื“ื•ืจ (ืžื“ื•ืจื”)].

ย [6] [ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื›ืš ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืจืฉโ€ื™ ืืช ื”ืžืœื” โ€œื›ืœโ€]: ืจืฉโ€ื™ ืชื”โ€™ ื–:ื™ื“ โ€“ ื—ึดืฆึธึผื™ื• ืœึฐื“ึนืœึฐืงึดื™ื ื™ึดืคึฐืขึธืœโ€ฆ ื›ืœ ื“ืœื™ืงื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื“ื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื. [ืจืฉโ€ื™ ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช โ€˜ื“ืœืงโ€™ ืœโ€™ืจื“ืฃโ€™ ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช (ื‘ืจโ€™ ืœื:ืœื•, ืฉโ€ื ื™ื–:ื ื’, ื™ืฉืขโ€™ ื™ื“:ื•, ืชื”โ€™ ื™:ื‘, ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื•:ื›ื’, ื•ืจืื” ืจืื‘โ€ืข ื‘ืžืฉืœื™ ืฉื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืจื“โ€ืง ื‘ืฉืจืฉื™ื, ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• โ€œื“ื•ืœืงื™ืโ€ ื‘ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ย ื”ื‘ืขืจื”). ืืžื ื ื ืจืื” ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื‘ื—ืจ ืจืฉโ€ื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืืŸ ืœืคืจืฉ ืฉโ€ื›ืœ ื“ืœื™ืงื”โ€โ€ฆ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืจืฉ ื’ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื•ื’ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืฆืช ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขโ€ืž ืœื”ืจืข, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ]: ืงื”ืœืช ืจื‘ื” ื”:ื โ€“ ื›ืชื™ื‘: ื•ืœื• ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ืžื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื• ืœื“ื•ืœืงื™ื ื™ืคืขืœ (ืชื”โ€™ ื–), ืžื”ื• ืœื“ื•ืœืงื™ื, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™, ืืœื• ืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ืŸ ื“ืœืง ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืจโ€™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื“ื›ืคืจ ื—ื ืŸ ืืžืจ ืืœื• ืฉื”ืฆื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื•ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืžืจื™ ืืœื• ืจื•ื“ืคื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘: ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื“ืœืงื•ื ื• (ืื™ื›ื” ื“:ื™ื˜, [ื•ืจืื” ืขืฅ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœืื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” ื“:ื›ื‘]). [ื•ื‘ื ืจืฉโ€ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื‘โ€™ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœ โ€˜ื“ืœืงโ€™ ืขื ื™ืŸ ย ืจื“ื™ืคื”].

ย [7] [ืžื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉืขืจื™ื›ืช ืžืขืจื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ1 ืงื“ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช2, ื•ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื›ืžืงื•ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื”ืžโ€ืง, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืืฉ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™3 ืฉื ื“ืœืงื” ืžื”ืžืขืจื›ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื•ืจื”, ืฉื ื“ืœืง ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืžืžื•ืงื“ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืขื•ืœื”4 ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจ: ืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ืืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช, ื‘ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ (ื•ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื”, ืฉื โ€œืžื•ืงื“โ€ ื”ืžืงืจืื™ ืื›ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ืฉืœ โ€œืžืจื›ื–โ€/โ€ืจื™ื›ื•ื–โ€/โ€ืคื•ืงื•ืกโ€)]. ืชืช-ื”ืขืจื•ืช: 1[ื”ื ืงืจื ื’ื โ€œืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืขื•ืœื”โ€ ื•โ€ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืชโ€]. 2 [ื™ื•ืžื ืœื’.]. 3 [ื”ื ืงืจื ื’ื โ€œืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืชโ€ ื•โ€ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื–ื”ื‘โ€]. 4 [ืชืžื™ื“ ื•:ื].

[8] [ื•ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื” ืžื ื—ื (ืชโ€ื“) ืœืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืขื” ื•ืžืขืฉื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื—ืจื™ื (ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ืชโ€™ ืื• ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉืจืจื”]: ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื, ื ื›ืจืขื” ืžืŸ ื›ืจืขื™ื, ื•ื™ืงื“ ืžื›ืคื™ืคืช ื”ืงื“ืงื“.

[9] [ื›ืš ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื ื‘ื›โ€ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืœืคืกื•ืง ื”ื–ื”. ื•ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•:ื— โ€“ โ€œื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐื˜ึนื˜ึธืคึนืช ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ืขึตื™ื ึถื™ืšึธโ€, ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชโ€ื™ ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื”: โ€œืœึดืชึฐืคึดื™ืœึดื™ืŸ ืขึทืœ ืžื•ึนืงึฐื“ึธืšึฐโ€. ืื•ืœื, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื›โ€ื™ ื”ื โ€ืœ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” โ€œโ€ืžื•ืงืจืšโ€, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช โ€œื•ื ืชืจ ืžื•ืงืจื™โ€ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื•.) ืื• โ€œื“ื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ื“ืžื•ืงืจืโ€ (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฆื’.). ื•ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื“โ€™ ื•ืจโ€™ ื‘ืžืงืจื ื•ื‘ื—ื–โ€ืœ; ืจืื”: ืจืฉโ€ื™ ืื™ื•ื‘ ื˜ื•:ื›ื“, ืจืฉโ€ื™ ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื–:, ื‘โ€ืจ ืกื“:ื˜ ื•ืขโ€ื™ ืฉื].

[10] [ื•ื›ืŸ ืคโ€™ ืจโ€™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ืกืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื‘โ€ื—ื•ืžืฉ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืกื•ืคืจื™ืโ€, ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืชืงื โ€ื“. ืขโ€™ ื’ื โ€œืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸโ€, ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฉ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื].

[11] [ื•ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ โ€œืงื™ื“ื”โ€ ืœโ€ืขืงื“โ€ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™].

[12] ย [ืฉืจืฉ ื™ืฉืข ื•ืกืคืจ ืฉืจืฉื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื“ืฉ (ืขืจืš โ€˜ืงื“ื“โ€™), ื•ืจืื” ื’ื ื™โ€ืฉ (ื:ืค,ื‘), ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื•ืžื”. ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ืจืžื– ืงื™ืฉืจื• ื’ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ โ€œืงื™ื“ื”โ€ ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื” (ืจืื” ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื–ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืžโ€™ ื˜ื–:ื‘, ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื ืฉืžโ€™ ืœ:ื›ื“)].

[13] ย [ืจืกโ€ื’ (ืžืฆื•ื˜ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื‘โ€ื’ ื•ืจื“โ€ืง ืขืจืš โ€˜ืงื“ื“โ€™ [ื’ื ื‘ืขโ€™ โ€˜ืงื“โ€™ ื‘ืจื™ื‘โ€ื’]). ืจืžื‘โ€ื ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืงโ€™ ื:ื’, ืจืœื‘โ€ื’ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ:ื›ื’)].

[14] ย [ื”ืžืฉื ื” (ื›ืœืื™ื ื:ื—) ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”โ€ืงื™ื“ื” ืœื‘ื ื”โ€ ื”ื•ื ืื™ืœืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ืžืจื (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘โ€™ ืœื“:) ืžืขื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืกืชื™ืจื” ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ืงื•ืจืืช ืœืงื™ื“ื” ืžื™ืŸ ื™ืจืง. ืžืกื™ืง ืจโ€™ ืคืคื ืฉโ€ืงื™ื“ื” ืœื—ื•ื“, ื•ืงื™ื“ื” ืœื‘ื ื” ืœื—ื•ื“โ€. ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืš ื‘ืขืจืš โ€˜ืงื“ื”โ€™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉโ€ืงื“ื” ืœื‘ื ื”โ€ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ืœืŸ ื”ื ืงืจื ืงื•ืฉื˜โ€ื• ื‘ืœืขโ€ื–. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืš โ€˜ืงืฉื˜โ€™ ืโ€™ ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืงื•ืฉื˜ ื ืงืจื ืงื•ืฉื˜โ€ื• ื‘ืœืขโ€ื–. ืœืคโ€ื– ื”ืงื™ื“ื” ืœื‘ื ื” / ืงื•ืฉื˜ / ืงื•ืฉื˜โ€ื• ื”ื•ื ืขืฅ].

[15] ย [ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืฆื™ืข ืจโ€™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืขืจ-ืืจื™ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืฉื โ€œืงื“ื”โ€ ืœื‘ื•ืฉื ื ืฉืืœ ืžโ€ืงื“ื”โ€ ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸย  ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืื”. ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•]: ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื (ืžื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืฉื ืช ืฉืกโ€ื–. ืžโ€™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื“ืฃ ืฉืฆื) โ€“ ื ืงืจื ื”ืขืฅย  ื”ื–ื” (ื”ื’ืกื™ืœืืœื•ืโ€ื™ ื‘ืœืขโ€ื–) ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืงื™ื“ื”, ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ: ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐึผื“ื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืชึทึผื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ (ื‘ืจโ€™ ืžื’:ื›ื—) ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื ืขืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืงื•ื“ ื•ืฉื—ื•ืชื•, ื›ืŸ ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื—ื” ืขื ืคื™ื• ืขื“ ืขืคืจ.

[16] ย [ื™โ€ืฉ ื:ืค,ื‘].

[17] [ืจืื” ื”ืขืจื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื”].

[18] ย [ื•ืขโ€™ ืจืฉโ€ื™ ืกื•ื›ื” ืžื”., ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื“. ืฉื ื•ืงื˜ ื‘ืžืœื” ื“ื•ืžื”: โ€œืื™ืฉื˜ืจโ€ืโ€ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”].

[19] ย [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืงืœื•ื™, ื›ืคืจืฉโ€ื™ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“]: ืจืฉโ€ื™ ื‘ืจื›โ€™ ืžื: โ€“ย  ืคืช ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ื›ืกื ื™ืŸโ€ฆ ื”ื™ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ืกื ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืŸ ืงืœื™ื•ืช.

[20] ย ื•ืจืื” ื’ื ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืจโ€™ ื–ื•ื˜ื (ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ) ืœื‘ืจโ€™ ืžื’:ื›ื—. ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื’ืจ (ืขืจืš โ€˜ืขืงื“โ€™) ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกื•ืจื™ืช โ€œืงื™ื“ื”โ€ = โ€œืงืขื“โ€].

[21] ย [ื›ืš ืคโ€™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื]: ืžืฉืœื™ ื—:ืœื“ โ€“ ืœึดืฉึฐืืงึนื“ ืขึทืœ ื“ึทึผืœึฐืชึนืชึทื™; ืื‘โ€ืข โ€“ ืœืฉืงื•ื“ โ€“ ื”ื”ืจื’ืœ ื•ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช; ืžืฆโ€ื“ โ€“ ืœืฉืงื•ื“ โ€“ ืœืžื”ืจโ€ฆ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ืคืชื—ื™. [ื•ืจืื‘โ€ืข ืงื™ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื” ื–ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ โ€œืžืฉื•ืงื“ื™ืโ€]: ืฉืžโ€™ ื›ื”:ืœื’ โ€“ ื’ึฐื‘ึดืขึดื™ื ืžึฐืฉึปืืงึธึผื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึทึผืงึธึผื ึถื” ื”ึธืึถื—ึธื“. ืื‘โ€ืข โ€“ ืžืฉืงื“ื™ืโ€ฆ ืžื’ื–ืจืช ืœืฉืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ืœืชื•ืชื™ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื—:ืœื“). [ืฉืžื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉโ€ืžืฉื•ืงื“ื™ืโ€ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• โ€œืงื‘ื•ืขื™ืโ€].

[22] ย ย [ื•ื›ืš ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ]: ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื’ื“ื” (ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ) ื“ื‘โ€™ ื›ื’:ื™ื— โ€“ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื“ืฉ. ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืžืฉื›ื‘ ื–ื›ื•ืจโ€ฆ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืงื“ืฉ ืืœื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื”ืชืงื“ืฉื• ืœืžื—ืจ (ื‘ืžโ€™ ื™ื:ื™ื—). [ื•ืจืื” ื’ื ืื”ืœื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” (ืขืจืš โ€˜ืงื“ืฉโ€™)].

[23] ย [ื’ื ืจืฉโ€ื™ (ืžื”ืกืคืจื) ื ืงื˜ ื‘ืœโ€™ โ€œืžืกื™ืจื•ืชโ€]: ืจืฉโ€ื™ ื•ื™โ€™ ื›ื‘:ืœื‘ โ€“ ื•ืœื ืชื—ืœืœื•โ€ฆ ืชโ€ืœ ื•ื ืงื“ืฉืชื™ โ€“ ืžืกื•ืจ ืขืฆืžืš ื•ืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžื™.

[24] ย [ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื’ื“ืจืช โ€˜ืงื“ืฉโ€™ ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืืœื• ืฉืœ โ€˜ืฉืงื“โ€™ ื”ื โ€ืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืชืจื’ื•ืžื ื ืขืœ ืงื™ืจื‘ืชืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืžื™ืงื•ื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ]: ืชืจื’ื•ืžื ื (ื•ื™โ€™ ื›ื, ื“ืฃ ืชืงืกื— โ€“ ืชโ€œื“): ื›ื™ ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืœืืœื”ื™ื• (ื•ื™โ€™ ื›ื:ื–)โ€ฆ ื”ื ื” โ€˜ืงื“ืฉโ€™ ืœืžืคืจืข โ€˜ืฉืงื“โ€™, ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ื ื”ื, ืฉื•ืงื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืœืื›ืชื.

[25] ย [ืจืื” ื‘ืžืืžืจื ื• ืœืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”].

[26] ย [ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• โ€˜ืคืงื“โ€™ (ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืชย  ืžืฆื•ื”) ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ]: ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื’:ื™ื— โ€“ ื•ึผืœึฐื–ึนื›ึฐืจึตื™ ืคึดืงึปึผื“ึธื™ื• ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืชึธื. ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื˜:ื“ โ€“ ืฆึดื•ึดึผื™ืชึธื” ืคึดืงึปึผื“ึถื™ืšึธ ืœึดืฉึฐืืžึนืจ ืžึฐืึนื“. ืชื”โ€™ ืงื™ื˜:ื ื• โ€“ ืคึดืงึปึผื“ึถื™ืšึธ ื ึธืฆึธืจึฐืชึดึผื™. ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™:ื™ื‘ โ€“ ื•ึผืคึฐืงึปื“ึธึผืชึฐืšึธ ืฉึธืืžึฐืจึธื” ืจื•ึผื—ึดื™. [ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื]: ืฉืžื•ืช ื›:ื• โ€“ ืœึฐืึนื”ึฒื‘ึทื™ ื•ึผืœึฐืฉึนืืžึฐืจึตื™ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืชึธื™; ืชโ€ื โ€“ ืœืจื—ืžื™ ื•ืœื ื˜ืจื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื™.

[27] ย [ื”ืฉื•ื” ื’ื ืจืžื‘โ€ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื:ื, ืจื“โ€ืง ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื—:ื™, ืฉื•ืคโ€™ ื›ื:ื˜].

[28] ย [ื•ื’ื™ืจืกืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉโ€™ (ื•ื ืฆื™ื”) โ€œืžืงื“ื“ื™ืŸโ€ (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘โ€™ ื”:ื’, ืกื•ื˜ื” ื”:ื’, ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘:ื–). ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืžื‘โ€ื ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื˜:ื˜ื•, ืจื•ืฆื— ื˜:ื“].

[29] ย [ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืืคืจื™ื ื โ€ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืจืื” ื–ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืจืฉ โ€˜ื“ืงืจโ€™, ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœโ€™ืงื“ืจโ€™ ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืžื™ืงื•ื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช].

[30] ย [ื•ื›ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืจื“โ€ืง ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืชย  ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื•ื”ืฉื—ืจื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืฉืจืฉ โ€˜ื›ืžืจโ€™]: ื™ึทื—ึทื“ ื ึดื›ึฐืžึฐืจื•ึผ (ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™ื:ื—)โ€ฆ ืื• ืคโ€™ ื ืชื—ืžืžื•. ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืขื ื™ื ื• ืขื•ึนืจึตื ื•ึผ ื›ึฐึผืชึทื ึผื•ึผืจ ื ึดื›ึฐืžึธืจื•ึผ (ืื™ื›ื” ื”:ื™), ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื ืฉื—ืจื•. ื•ืžื–ื” ื ืงืจืื• ื”ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉึฐืื‘ึดึผื™ืช ืึถืช ื”ึทื›ึฐึผืžึธืจึดื™ื (ืžโ€ื‘ ื›ื’:ื”), ื•ึผื›ึฐืžึธืจึธื™ื• ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื™ึธื’ึดื™ืœื•ึผ (ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™:ื”). ื•ืชืจื’ื•ื ืจืง ืื“ืžืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื (ื‘ืจโ€™ ืžื–:ื›ื‘, ื›ื•) ืœื—ื•ื“ ืืจืขื” ื“ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื.

[31] ย [ื•ื”ืฉื•ื” ื’ื ืจืฉโ€ื™ ืชืขื ื™ืช ื›., ื“โ€ื” ื ืงื“ืจื”].

[32] ย [ื’ื™ืจืกืช โ€œืงื“ืจื™ืโ€ ื‘ืžืงื•ื โ€œืงืจื™ืโ€ ืขโ€ืค ื›โ€ื™ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจ โ€œืจืฉโ€ื™ ืœืžืงืจื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืชืœืžื•ื“โ€ (ื™ื•ืืœ ืคืœื•ืจืกื”ื™ื™ื)].

[33] ย [ื”ืžืœื” โ€œืงืžื˜โ€ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ย ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืงื•ืฉื™]: ืฉื‘ืช ืขื“: โ€“ ื“ืฉื“ื ืกื™ื›ืชื [ื™ืชื“] ืœืืชื•ื ื โ€“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืฉื•ื ืžื‘ืฉืœ. ืคืฉื™ื˜ืโ€ฆ ื“ืžื™ืจืคื ืจืคื™, ื•ื”ื“ืจ ืงืžื™ื˜; ืจืฉโ€ื™ โ€“ ืจืคื™ โ€“ ืขโ€ื™ ื—ื•ืโ€ฆ ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ืŸโ€ฆ ืงืžื™ื˜ โ€“ ืžืชืงืฉื”.

[34] ย [ื›ื“ืžืฉืžืข ืžืจืฉโ€ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ]: ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื•:ื™ื‘ โ€“ ื‘ึฐึผื›ึนื—ื•ึน ืจึธื’ึทืข ื”ึทื™ึธึผื; ืจืฉโ€ื™ โ€“ ืจื’ืขโ€ฆ ื ืงืžื˜ โ€“ ืงืžื˜ื™โ€™ ืงืžื˜ื™ื ื ืขืฉื• (ื›ืš ื›ืฉืืžืจ ื™ืงื•ื• ื”ืžื™ื ื ืืกืคื• ืžืคืฉื™ื˜ืชืŸ ื•ื ืงืžื˜ื• ืงืžื˜ื™ื ืงืžื˜ื™ื) ืขื“ ืฉื ืงื•ื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื. ื‘ืจโ€™ ืžื˜:ื™ โ€“ ื•ึฐืœื•ึน ื™ึดืงึฐึผื”ึทืช ืขึทืžึดึผื™ื; ืจืฉโ€ื™ โ€“ ื™ืงื”ืช ืขืžื™ื โ€“ ืืกื™ืคืช ืขืžื™ืโ€ฆ ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื•: ืœึดื™ืงึฐึผื”ึทืช ืึตื (ืžืฉืœื™ ืœ:ื™ื–) โ€“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฅ ืงืžื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื–ืงื ืชื”.

[35] ย [ืฉื ื ืจื“ืฃ ืœโ€ืžื ืคื”โ€].

[36] ย [ืกื™ืžืŸ ื“โ€™. ื—ื‘ืจื• ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืžืฉื™ื ืื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืœืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ื•ื˜ื (ืคืจืง ื›, ืื•ืช ืœื’), ื‘ืฉื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืจื™โ€ื].

[37] ย [ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืกโ€ื’]: ืงื”ืœืช ื’:ื“ โ€“ ื•ึฐืขึตืช ืจึฐืงื•ึนื“; ืจืกโ€œื’ โ€“ ืจืงื•ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”โ€™ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื“ึธึผื•ึดื“ ืžึฐืคึทื–ึตึผื– ื•ึผืžึฐื›ึทืจึฐื›ึตึผืจ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”โ€™.

[38] ย [ื•ื›ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื”ืขโ€ื”]: ืฉโ€ื‘ ื•:ื›ื‘ โ€“ ื•ึผื ึฐืงึทืœึนึผืชึดื™โ€ฆ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืฉึธืืคึธืœ. [ื•ืขโ€™ ื’ื ืจืžื‘โ€ื (ืฉื•ืคืจ ื—:ื˜ื•); ืจืœื‘โ€ื’ (ืฉโ€ื‘ ื›ื:ื›ื)].

[39] ย [ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืœโ€ื›ืจื›ื•ืจโ€ (ืขโ€™ ืจื“โ€ืง ื™ืฉืขโ€™ ืกื•:ื›, ื”ื›ื•ื”โ€ืง ื‘ืจโ€™ ื™ื’:ื™ื) ื•ื’ื ืœโ€ืคื–ื™ื–ืโ€ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชย  ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช (ืจืฉโ€ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืคื—.)].

[40] [ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘โ€ืฆื ื˜ืจื™ืคื•ื’ื”โ€ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœื”ืคืจื“ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืขโ€ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืžืœืื›ืช โ€œืžืจืงื“โ€, ืœืคื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืจืง ืื•ื›ืœ ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ ืžืจื•ื›ื–. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉ ืžื”ืจืฉโ€ื ืืช ื“ืจืฉืชื ื–โ€ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืœื” โ€œื•ื™ืคื•ื–ื•โ€]: ื‘โ€ืจ (ื•ื™ืœื ื) ืคื–:ื– โ€“ ืจโ€ื™ ืืžืจ ื ืชืคื–ืจ ื–ืจืขื• ื•ื™ืฆื ื“ืจืš ืฆืคืจื ื™ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื•ึทื™ึธึผืคึนื–ึผื•ึผ ื–ึฐืจึนืขึตื™ ื™ึธื“ึธื™ื• (ื‘ืจโ€™ ืžื˜:ื›ื“). ืžื”ืจืฉโ€ื ืกื•ื˜ื” ืœื•: โ€“ ื™โ€ืœ ื™ืคื•ื–ื• ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื—ืกืจ ื”ืจื™โ€ืฉ, ื•ื–ืจื•ืขื• ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ืจืข. ื•ื›โ€ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘โ€ืจ: ื•ื™ืคื•ื–ื• ื–ืจื•ืขื™โ€ฆ ื ืชืคื–ืจ ื–ืจืขื•.

[41] ย [ืœื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ โ€œืคื–โ€ ืœโ€ืžืคื–ื–โ€, ืจืื”: ืžืชื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืœืฉืžโ€ืจ ืœื”:ื; ืชื•ืจื” ืชืžื™ืžื” ืฉื”โ€ืฉ ื”:ื˜ื•].

[42] ย [ื›ืš ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืžืคืจืฉื™ ื”ืžืงืจื, ืฉื–ื”ื‘ ืžื•ืคื– ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื–ื”ื‘ ื”ืžื–ื•ืงืง ืžืกื™ื’ื™ื•]: ืžโ€ื ื™:ื™ื— โ€“ ื•ึทื™ึฐืฆึทืคึตึผื”ื•ึผ ื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ืžื•ึผืคึธื–; ืจืœื‘โ€ื’ โ€“ ื•ื™ืฆืคื”ื• ื–ื”ื‘ ืžื•ืคื– โ€“ ื–ื”ื‘ ื ืงื™ ืžืกื™ื’ื™ื•โ€ฆ ื›ื™ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืชื ืœื ืงื•ืชื• ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ; ืจื“โ€ืง โ€“ ื–ื”ื‘ ืžื•ืคื– โ€“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื–ื•ืงืง; ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ โ€“ ืžื•ืคื–, ืจโ€ืœ ื ืงื™ ืžืกื™ื’ื™ื•; ืžืฆโ€ืฆ โ€“ ืžื•ืคื– โ€“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื–ื•ืงืง ื•ืžื‘ื”ื™ืง. [ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืจื™ื‘โ€ื’ ื•ืจื“โ€ืง ื‘ืฉืจืฉื™ื”ื, ืขืจืš โ€˜ืคื–ื–โ€™].


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