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  • yehoshua steinberg

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช: ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ - ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื’

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 13 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2023

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื:ื“ - ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึธืื•ึนืจ ื›ึผึดื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึทื™ึผึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึตืœ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึธืื•ึนืจ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ.


ื”ืžืœื” "ื˜ื•ื‘" ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื™"ื— ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจืฉื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฉ. ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื•ืจืื” ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช ืœืžืœื”, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืžืœื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ืจ ื”ื™ืจืฉ: ืจืฉ"ืจ ื”ื™ืจืฉ ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื’:ื™ื˜-ื› - "ื˜ื•ื‘" ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžืขื™ืงืจื•, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืฉืจ, ืืš ืื•ืฉืจ ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืืžื•ืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื•. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื ื ืกื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื” ื–ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื” ืœืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช 'ื˜ื‘'.


ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืœื” "ื˜ื•ื‘", ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืงืจื ืฉืฉื” ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืœื” ื–ื•, (ืฉืœืฉื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื•) :

ื. "ื‘ื—ื™ืจ" - ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ (ืชืž"ื™ ื‘ืจ' ื‘:ื™ื‘) . ื‘. "ืฉืคื™ืจืŸ" - ื™ืคื•ืช (ืช"ื, ืชืž"ื™ ื‘ืจ' ื•:ื‘) . ื’. "ื™ืื•ืช" / "ื™ืื•ื•ืŸ" (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืช"ื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืž:ื˜ื–, ืชืž"ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“:ื”, ืช"ื™ ืž"ื‘ ื™ื:ื™ื—) . ื“. "ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื•ืžื" (ืชืž"ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘:ื‘) . ื”. "ืชืงื™ืŸ" (ืช"ื ื‘ืจ' ื:ืœื; ืช"ื, ืชืž"ื™ ื‘:ื™ื—) . ื•. "ืฉืœื™ื•ื" - ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื•ื” (ืช"ื™ ื™ืจ' ืžื“:ื™ื–) . ื•ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ึถื”ึธืคื•ึผืšึฐ (ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžืœื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœ"ื˜ื•ื‘" ื‘ืืจืžื™ืช), ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืžืœื” "ืžืื•ืฉืจ" ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžืช "ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื”ื•ืŸ": ืžืฉืœื™ ื’:ื™ื— - ืขึตืฅ ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื”ึดื™ื ืœึทืžึผึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืงึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐืชึนืžึฐื›ึถื™ื”ึธ ืžึฐืึปืฉึผืึธืจ; ืชืจื’ื•ื - ื•ืืœื™ืŸ ื“ืžืชืขืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื”ื•ืŸ.


ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ืฉื”ื™ืคืš ื”"ื˜ื•ื‘" ื”ื•ื ื”"ืจืข" . ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขื•ืžืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืœื” "ืจืข", ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืคื•ืš ืื•ืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืคื•ื›ื”.


ืจืฉ"ืจ ื”ื™ืจืฉ ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉื”ืžืœื” "ืจืข" ื ื’ื–ืจืช ืžืฉืจืฉ 'ืจืขืข' (ืื™-ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืจ ), ื•ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•: ืจืฉ"ืจ ื”ื™ืจืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื:ื™ื - ื•ื™ืจืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื“ - 'ืจืข' ืžืฉืจืฉ 'ืจืขืข' : ื ืชืขืจืขืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช , ื›ืœ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ื ืคืฉื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ื•.


ืœืคื™ ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ื˜ื•ื‘" ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืคืš, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืงื™ื•ื. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื›ืš ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื - ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘:ื™ื— - ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช "ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื™ื•ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื™ืจืฉืชื™ ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ื•ื™ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื:ื“) .


ืกืžืš ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืžืœื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœ"ื˜ื•ื‘" ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืืจืžื™ืช. ื”ืจื™ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ืื•ืชื™ืช ื˜' ื•ืฆ' ืžืชื—ืœืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืœืืจืžื™ืช , ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืœื” ื”ืืจืžื™ืช "ืฆื‘" ื•ื ื’ื–ืจื™ื”. ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื” ื–ื• ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืชืจื’ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ "ืœื ื˜ื•ืข" ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื ื˜ื™ืขืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ืื”ืœื™ื , ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืืœื”, ื’ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืื“ื: ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜:ื›ื’ - ื•ึผื ึฐื˜ึทืขึฐืชึผึถื ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึตืฅ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ; ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก - ื•ืชืฆื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื™ืœืŸ ื“ืžื™ื›ืœ. ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“:ื• - ื›ึผึทืึฒื”ึธืœึดื™ื ื ึธื˜ึทืข ื”'; ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก - ื›ื‘ื•ืกืžื™ื ื“ื ืฆื‘ ื™ื™ . ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื”:ื– - ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึถืจึถื ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื ึฐื˜ึทืข ืฉืึทืขึฒืฉืื•ึผืขึธื™ื•; ืช"ื™ - ื•ึถืึฑื ึทืฉื ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื ึดืฆึฐื‘ึธื ื“ึฐื—ึถื“ึฐื•ึธืชึตื™ื”ึผ. ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื™ื–:ื™ - ืชึผึดื˜ึผึฐืขึดื™ ื ึดื˜ึฐืขึตื™ ื ึทืขึฒืžึธื ึดื™ื; ืช"ื™ - ื ึฐืฆึดื™ื‘ึธื ื ึดืฆึฐื‘ึธื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื™ืจึธื. ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื•ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื˜ืขืช .


ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื˜' ื•ืฆ', ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืœื” "ืฆื‘ื™" ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžืช ืชืžื™ื“ "ื˜ื‘ื™ื", ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื‘:ื›ื‘ - ื”ึทื˜ึผึธืžึตื ื•ึฐื”ึทื˜ึผึธื”ื•ึนืจ ื™ึทื—ึฐื“ึผึธื• ื›ึผึทืฆึผึฐื‘ึดื™ ื•ึฐื›ึธืึทื™ึผึธืœ; ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก - ืžืกืื‘ื ื•ื“ื›ื™ื ื™ื™ื›ืœื•ื ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ื™ื ื•ืื™ืœื. ืืžื ื ื”ืžืœื” "ื˜ื‘ื™ื" ื ืžืฆืืช ื’ื ื›ืชืจื’ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ "ื˜ื•ื‘": ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื”:ื› - ื”ื•ึนื™ ื”ึธืึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ืœึธืจึทืข ื˜ื•ึนื‘; ืช"ื™ - ื•ื™ ื“ืืžืจื™ืŸ ืœืจืฉื™ืขื™ื... ืืชื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ื . ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฆื‘ื™, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ื˜ื•ื‘"?


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืชื•ืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื "ืš, ื‘ื”ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืžืœื” "ืฆื‘ื™" ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›:ื˜ื• - ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ื–ึธื‘ึทืช ื—ึธืœึธื‘ ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึทืฉื ืฆึฐื‘ึดื™ ื”ึดื™ื ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืึฒืจึธืฆื•ึนืช. ืฉื ื›ื•:ื› - ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืฆึฐื‘ึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื . ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื™ื:ื˜ื– - ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึฒืžึนื“ ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื”ึทืฆึผึฐื‘ึดื™ . ื•ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื“ืจืฉื• ืืช ืฉื‘ื—ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™: ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื’:ื™ื˜ - ื•ึฐืึถืชึผึถืŸ ืœึธืšึฐ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื—ึถืžึฐื“ึผึธื” ื ึทื—ึฒืœึทืช ืฆึฐื‘ึดื™; ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ื‘. - ืœืžื” ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฉืœื” ืœืฆื‘ื™... ืžื” ืฆื‘ื™ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืจื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืฉืจื• , ืืฃ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื” ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”... ืžื” ืฆื‘ื™ ื–ื” ืงืœ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช, ืืฃ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงืœื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”.


ืื•ืœื, ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืœืžืœื” "ืฆื‘ื™", ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื, "ื ื™ืฆื‘" / "ืžืฆื‘" (ื—ื•ื–ืง ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ) ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช: ืฉ"ื‘ ื:ื™ื˜ - ื”ึทืฆึผึฐื‘ึดื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ; ืจืฉ"ื™ - ื”ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืžืฆื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ; ืจื“"ืง - ื”ืฆื‘ื™ ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื ืฆื‘ ื ืฆื‘ื™ื. ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื›ื“:ื˜ื– - ืžึดื›ึผึฐื ึทืฃ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื–ึฐืžึดืจึนืช ืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐื ื•ึผ ืฆึฐื‘ึดื™ ืœึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืง; ืจืฉ"ื™ - ื•ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื‘ื™ ืœืฆื“ื™ืง ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื•ืชืงื•ืžื” ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื .


ื‘ืจื, ืื™ืš ืžืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ (ื‘ื—ื™ืจ, ืฉืคื™ืจืŸ, ื™ืื•ืช ื•ื›ื•') ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื•?


ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”: ื‘ืœื™ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืงื™ื•ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืŸ ื—ืกืจื•ืช-ืขืจืš ืœื’ืžืจื™. ืฉื•ื ื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืงื™ื ื” ื•ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ืกืคืง, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืฉืœื•ื. ื‘ืœื™ ืงื™ื•ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืขืจืš ืœื™ื•ืคื™ื” ื•ื ื•ื™ื”, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืื•ืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื—ืกืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ื”. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ "ื˜ื•ื‘" ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.


ืขื“ ื›ื” ื ืกื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืžืœื” "ื˜ื•ื‘" ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœ"ืจืข" ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื›ืขืช ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืœื” ื’ื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื”ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช "ื˜ื‘", ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช: 1. ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ. 2. ื˜ื‘ืข. 3. ื˜ื‘ืœ. 4. ืจื˜ื‘; ื ืจืื” ืฉืืฃ ืžืœื™ื ืืœื• ืžืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืขื“ ื›ื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช / ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ืงื™ื•ื, ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ. ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ.

1. ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ - ื”ึธืขึปื‘ึผึธืจ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืืžื• ื•ืœืคืจื ืกืชื• ื“ืจืš ื˜ื‘ื•ืจื• - ืžืงื•ืจ ืงื™ื•ืžื• .

2. ื˜ื‘ืข - ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืœื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืงื™ืขื” . ืื•ืœื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื™ื™ืกื•ื“, ื”ื›ื ื” ื•ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ื›ืžื•: ืžืฉืœื™ ื—:ื›ื” - ื‘ึผึฐื˜ึถืจึถื ื”ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึธื˜ึฐื‘ึผึธืขื•ึผ; ืจืœื‘"ื’ - ื‘ื˜ืจื - ืฉื”ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื”ื”ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื; ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“ - ื‘ื˜ืจื - ืขื“ ืœื ื ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื•ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ. ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœื—:ื“-ื• - ืึตื™ืคึนื” ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึธ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธืกึฐื“ึดื™ ืึธืจึถืฅ... ืขึทืœ ืžึธื” ืึฒื“ึธื ึถื™ื”ึธ ื”ึธื˜ึฐื‘ึผึธืขื•ึผ; ืžืœื‘ื™"ื - ืขืœ ืžื” ืื“ื ื™ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื• - ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืื”ืœ ื•ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืงืจืฉื™ื ืžื•ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืื“ื ื™ื .

3. ื˜ื‘ืœ - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจืฉ ื–ื” ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื• ื’ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื‘ืข: ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›ื’:ื˜ื• - ื—ึฒื’ื•ึนืจึตื™ ืึตื–ื•ึนืจ ื‘ึผึฐืžึธืชึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืกึฐืจื•ึผื—ึตื™ ื˜ึฐื‘ื•ึผืœึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืจึธืืฉืึตื™ื”ึถื; ืจืฉ"ื™ - ืกืจื•ื—ื™ ื˜ื‘ื•ืœื™ื - ื™ืชื™ืจื™ ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื... ื•ื›ืŸ ืชืจื’ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ: ืžื—ืชื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœืกื™ืŸ. ื”ืžืœื” "ื›ื•ื‘ืข" ืžืชื—ืœืคืช ืขื "ืงื•ื‘ืข", ื•ืืฃ ื”ืžืœื” "ื˜ื‘ื•ืœื™ื" ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืœ"ืงื•ื‘ืข" ื”ื ื–ื›ืจืช ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ื›ื’. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืชืจื’ื ืืช ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื” "ืงื•ืœืกื™ืŸ": ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›ื’:ื›ื“ - ื•ึผื‘ึดืงึฐื”ึทืœ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืฆึดื ึผึธื” ื•ึผืžึธื’ึตืŸ ื•ึฐืงื•ึนื‘ึทืข; ืช"ื™ - ื•ึผืžึทืฉืึดืจึฐื™ึทืช ืขึทืžึฐืžึดื™ืŸ ื“ึดืžึฐื–ึทื™ึฐื ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื’ึดื™ืœึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐืงื•ึผืœึฐืกึดื™ืŸ. "ืงื•ื‘ืข", ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืงืกื“ื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืฉื•, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืชื”ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื” . ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืฉืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื˜ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ื”ื" ืžืฉืžืข "ื›ึผื•ึนื‘ึธืขึดื™ื ืงึฐื‘ื•ึผืขึดื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ื”ื" .

4. ืจื˜ื‘ - ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืœ 'ืจื˜ื‘' ื”ื•ื ืœื—, ื›ืžื•: ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื“:ื— - ืžึดื–ึผึถืจึถื ื”ึธืจึดื™ื ื™ึดืจึฐื˜ึธื‘ื•ึผ; ืจื“"ืง (ืขืจืš 'ืจื˜ื‘') - ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืช . ื‘ืจื, ื™ืฉ ืœืžืœื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื–ืง: ืื™ื•ื‘ ื—:ื˜ื– - ืจึธื˜ึนื‘ ื”ื•ึผื; ืจืฉ"ื™ - ืจื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื - ืœื— ื•ื—ื–ืง. ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืคื™: ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœื–:ืœื” - ื›ึผึฐืึถื–ึฐืจึธื— ืจึทืขึฒื ึธืŸ; ืจื“"ืง - ื•ื ืงืจื ื”ืขืฅ ื”ืจื˜ื•ื‘, ืื–ืจื—, ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื•ื’ืœื•ื™ ืœึทื›ึผึนืœ ื‘ื™ืคื™ื• ื•ื‘ืœื—ื•ืชื•. ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื”ืจื˜ื‘ื”" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื•ืœื“ื” ื•ื”ืฆืžื—ื”: ืฉื”"ืฉ ื:ื˜ื–-ื™ื– - ืึทืฃ ืขึทืจึฐืฉื‚ึตื ื•ึผ ืจึทืขึฒื ึธื ึธื”. ืงึนืจื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึธืชึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืึฒืจึธื–ึดื™ื; ืฉื”ืฉ"ืจ ื:ื™ื– - ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื ืขืฉื• ืชื—ืชื™ื• ื‘ืžื˜ื” ื•ื›ืคืœื•ืžื” , ื•ืžื” ื”ืจื˜ื‘ื” ื”ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืžื”ืŸ... ืืœื• ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืžืžื ื•; ื‘ืื•ืจ ื›ื ืคื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœืžื“ืจืฉ - ื”ืจื˜ื‘ื” ื”ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืžื”ืŸ - ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื” ื”ืฆืžื™ื— ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืฃ ืขืจืฉื ื• ืจืขื ื ื”.... ืžื” ื”ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ืฆืžื™ื— ืžืขืจืฉ ื–ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ: ืฉื”ืฉ"ืจ ื•:ื™ - ื›ืš ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ืื•ืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ... ืžื ืฆื ืฆืช ื•ื‘ืื”, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืคืจื” ื•ืจื‘ื”, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžืจื˜ื‘ืช ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช; ืขืฅ ื™ื•ืกืฃ - ืžืจื˜ื‘ืช ืคื™': ืžืจื—ื‘ืช ื•ืžื’ื“ืœืช .


ืื•ืœื, ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช 'ื˜ื‘' ื”ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ื•ื—ื™ืชื•ืš - ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืžืฉ, ื•ื”ืŸ: 5. ื—ื˜ื‘. 6. ืงื˜ื‘. 7. ื˜ื‘ื—. ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ื’ื ืื•ืชืŸ:


5. ื—ื˜ื‘ - ืฉืจืฉ ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” / ื—ื™ืชื•ืš, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืœึทื—ึฐื˜ึนื‘ ืขึตืฆึดื™ื (ื“ื‘' ื™ื˜:ื”), ืžึตื—ึนื˜ึตื‘ ืขึตืฆึถื™ืšึธ (ืฉื ื›ื˜:ื™), ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทื—ึฐื˜ึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื™ึผึฐืขึธืจึดื™ื (ื™ื—ื–' ืœื˜:ื™).


ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืจืฉ ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืœื”; ืจืฉ"ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ 'ื—ื˜ื‘' ื‘ืžืœื” "ืžื”ื•ืœืœ", ืื• "ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ" ืœืคื™ ื”ื’ืจ"ื: ืชื”' ืงืžื“:ื™ื‘ - ื›ึฐื–ึธื•ึดื™ึผึนืช ืžึฐื—ึปื˜ึผึธื‘ื•ึนืช; ืจืฉ"ื™ - ืžื—ื˜ื‘ื•ืช - ืžื”ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ ืจื•ืื™ื”ืŸ. ืžืฉืœื™ ื–:ื˜ื– - ื—ึฒื˜ึปื‘ื•ึนืช ืึตื˜ื•ึผืŸ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื; ืจืฉ"ื™ - ื—ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช - ืžื”ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื›ืœื™ ืคืฉืชืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ืŸ; ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื - ื—ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฆืจื™ื - ื—ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืงื˜ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžืœื” ื–ื• ื›ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ืฉื‘ื—" ื•"ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ" ืœืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™: ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื’. - ืึถืช ื”' ื”ึถืึฑืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื... ื•ื”' ื”ึถืึฑืžึดื™ืจึฐืšึธ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื (ื“ื‘' ื›ื•:ื™ื–-ื™ื—) ; ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ืืชื ืขืฉื™ืชื•ื ื™ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื , ื•ืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ืืชื›ื ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื; ืจืฉ"ื™ - ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช - ืฉื‘ื— ืื—ื“, ืฉื‘ื— ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืœื›ืš ื‘ึผึฐื—ึทืจึฐื ื•ึผืšึธ ืœืืœื•ื” .


ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ืจื™ืชื” ื•ืœืžื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึทืจื•ึผืช ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจืช ื•ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ืช ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ - ื›ื•ืจืชืช ืื•ืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื”. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฆืื ื• ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื” ื–ื• ื‘ืฉืจืฉ 'ื›ืจืช' ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื‘ืจื™ืช", ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ื• ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ืคื™ืกื™, ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื•ื”ืงื“ืฉื” ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ , ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืœื” "ื‘ืจื™ืช" ืขืฆืžื” ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื—ืฉืง ืฉืœืžื” - ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” .

6. ืงื˜ื‘ - ืฉืจืฉ ื–ื”, ื›ืžื• 'ื—ื˜ื‘' ืฉื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ื“ื , ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” / ื—ื™ืชื•ืš, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื“ื‘' ืœื‘:ื›ื“ - ื•ึฐืงึถื˜ึถื‘ ืžึฐืจึดื™ืจึดื™; ืจืฉ"ื™ - ื•ืงื˜ื‘ ืžืจื™ืจื™ - ื•ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืฉื“ ืฉืฉืžื• ืžืจื™ืจื™. ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™ื’:ื™ื“ - ืึฑื”ึดื™ ืงึธื˜ึธื‘ึฐืšึธ ืฉืึฐืื•ึนืœ; ืจื“"ืง - ืื”ื™ ืงื˜ื‘ืš ืฉืื•ืœ - ื•ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ืจื ื›ืจื™ืชืชืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ. ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื›ื—:ื‘ - ืฉื‚ึทืขึทืจ ืงึธื˜ึถื‘; ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“ - ืฉืขืจ ืงื˜ื‘ - ื›ืจื•ื— ืกืขืจื” ื”ื›ื•ืจืช ื•ืžืฉื—ื™ืช. ืชื”' ืฆื:ื• - ืžึดืงึผึถื˜ึถื‘ ื™ึธืฉืื•ึผื“ ืฆึธื”ึณืจึธื™ึดื; ืžืฆ"ืฆ - ืžืงื˜ื‘ - ื ืงืจื ื›ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื”.


ื‘ืจื, ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื’ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ืงื•ื˜ื‘" ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ / ืžื•ื˜ ื›ื‘ื“ ืœื˜ื—ื™ื ืช ื–ืชื™ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื˜ืช ืฉืžื ื: ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื—:ื• - ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึดื™ืŸ ื–ึตื™ืชึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึทื“ ื•ึผื‘ึทืงึผึนื˜ึถื‘, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื›ึผื•ึนืชึตืฉื ื”ื•ึผื ื•ึผืžึทื›ึฐื ึดื™ืก ืœึทื‘ึผื•ึนื“ึตื™ื“ึธื” . ืกื—ื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืืžื ื "ื›ื•ืจืชืช" ืืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืžื˜ืจืชื” ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืฉ 'ืงื˜ื‘' ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ 'ื—ื˜ื‘', ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืคืกืงื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช .

7. ื˜ื‘ื— - ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ืฉืœ "ื˜ื‘ื—" ื”ื•ื "ื ื›ืกืชื", ื›ืžื•: ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื’:ื˜ื– - ื•ึผื˜ึฐื‘ึนื—ึท ื˜ึถื‘ึทื— ื•ึฐื”ึธื›ึตืŸ; ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก - ื•ื›ื•ืก ื ื›ืกืชื. ื•ื”ื•ื ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ื’ื ืฉืœ 'ืฉื—ื˜' ื•'ื–ื‘ื—' (ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื“:ื”, ื•ื™ืงืจื ื’:ื‘). ืื•ืœื, ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื’ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื˜ื‘ื—ื™ื" ื•"ื˜ื‘ื—ื•ืช" ืฉืื™ื ื ืืœื ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื•: ืฉ"ื ื—:ื™ื’ - ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื™ึดืงึผึธื— ืœึฐืจึทืงึผึธื—ื•ึนืช ื•ึผืœึฐื˜ึทื‘ึผึธื—ื•ึนืช; ืจื“"ืง - ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื—ื•ืช - ืžื‘ืฉืœื•ืช. ืฉ"ื ื˜:ื›ื’ - ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตืœ ืœึทื˜ึผึทื‘ึผึธื—; ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ - ืœื˜ื‘ื— - ื”ืžื‘ืฉืœ. ื•ื ืžืฆื 'ื˜ื‘ื—' ืžืชื•ืจื’ื ื’ื ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ืŸ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืฉ"ื ื›ื”:ื™ื - ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื˜ึธื‘ึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐื’ึนื–ึฐื–ึธื™; ืช"ื™ - ื“ึฐืึทืชึฐืงึตื™ื ึดื™ืช ืœึฐื’ึธื–ึฐื–ึทื™. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืจืฉ 'ื˜ื‘ื—' ืžื•ืจื” ื’ื ืขืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื ื” ื•ืชืงื•ืŸ .


ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื, ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืœืžืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช 'ื˜ื‘': ื. ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช / ืงืฉืจ. ื‘. ื›ืจื™ืชื”. ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื•, ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื•, ื›ื "ืœ. ืืžื ื, ืœืืžื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืื—ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื›ื“ืœื”ืœืŸ: ืขืฆื ื”ืฉืคืข ื•ื”ื—ืกื“ ืฉื”' ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื—ืจืคื”, ื›ืขื ื™ ื”ืœื•ืงื— ืžื‘ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ, ื•ื”ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื–ืืช ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”', ืฉื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืชื’ื™ืข ืœื ื• "ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ" ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• (ื‘ื›ืš ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืœืืคื™ืืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื”ื’ื•ืžืœ ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื" ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ : ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื—"ื ืงืฆื˜ - "ื’ื•ืžืœ" ื”ื•ื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื’ืžื•ืœ", ื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืชื ื”ื’ ืขื ื”ืื“ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืื“ื ื—ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืœื—ื ื—ืกื“, ื•ื ืžื ืขืช ืžืžื ื• ื‘ื•ืฉื”, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื—ืกื“ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ). ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื™-ืชืœื•ืช, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ "ื›ืจื™ืชื”" - ื•ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ืœืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช 'ื˜ื‘ (ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืงืฉืจ / ื›ืจื™ืชื”): ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ืืžืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ื–ื• ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ืืช ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ืขื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจืคื”, ืืœื "ื›ื•ืจืชืช" ืื•ืชื• ืžืžืขื ื™ืง ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื”, ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืงืฉืจ ื•ืœื”ืขื ืงืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ.


ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจืฉ 'ื’ืžืœ': ืฉืจืฉ ื’ืžืœ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืงืœ ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื ืงื” ื•ืชืฉืœื•ื - ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ืชื™ื ื”, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช: ืึธืฉืึดื™ืจึธื” ืœึทื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ื’ึธืžึทืœ ืขึธืœึธื™ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™ื’:ื•) . ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื ืคืขืœ ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื•ืื™-ืชืœื•ืช - ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช ื•ืื™-ื ืชื™ื ื”, ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘: ื•ึทื™ึผึดื’ึฐื“ึผึทืœ ื”ึทื™ึผึถืœึถื“ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื’ึผึธืžึทืœ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื:ื—) - ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ืงืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืขื ืงืช ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืœืื“ื, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืงื” ืฉื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื”ื ืฉืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ: ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™:ื– - ืฉืžื ื” ืžืขืœื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฆื“ืงื” ื–ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื–ื•, ืžืขืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžืš ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืžืชื ื” ืื• ื”ืœื•ืื” ืื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืขืžื• ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืื• ืžืžืฆื™ื ืœื• ืžืœืื›ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื™ื“ื• ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืื•ืœ.


ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื’ื ืœืฉืจืฉ 'ืขื–ื‘' ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ื ื˜ื™ืฉื”, ื›ืžื•: ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘:ื›ื“ - ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื™ึทืขึฒื–ึธื‘ ืึดื™ืฉื ืึถืช ืึธื‘ึดื™ื• ื•ึฐืึถืช ืึดืžึผื•ึน. ืืš ืคืขืžื™ื, ืžื•ืจื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ืง ื•ืขื–ืจื”, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช: ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›ื–:ื™ื‘ - ืชึผึทืจึฐืฉืึดื™ืฉื ืกึนื—ึทืจึฐืชึผึตืšึฐ ืžึตืจึนื‘ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึถืกึถืฃ ื‘ึผึทืจึฐื–ึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื™ืœ ื•ึฐืขื•ึนืคึถืจึถืช ื ึธืชึฐื ื•ึผ ืขึดื–ึฐื‘ื•ึนื ึธื™ึดืšึฐ; ืจืฉ"ื™ - ืขื–ื‘ื•ื ื™ืš - ื—ื•ื–ืงื™ืš ื•ืขื•ื–ืจืš ื›ืžื•: ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึทื–ึฐื‘ื•ึผ (ืืช) ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ืขึทื“ ื”ึทื—ื•ึนืžึธื” (ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’:ื—), ื•ืžืžื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืงื• ื”ืžืขืžื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื•. ื•ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื”:ื” - ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึดืจึฐืึถื” ื—ึฒืžื•ึนืจ ืฉื‚ึนื ึทืึฒืšึธ ืจึนื‘ึตืฅ ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ืžึทืฉึผื‚ึธืื•ึน ื•ึฐื—ึธื“ึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ืžึตืขึฒื–ึนื‘ ืœื•ึน ืขึธื–ึนื‘ ืชึผึทืขึฒื–ึนื‘ ืขึดืžึผื•ึน (ืฉืž' ื›ื’:ื”). ืจืฉ"ื™ - ืขื–ื‘ ืชืขื–ื‘ ืขืžื• - ืขื–ื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขื–ืจื”. ื”ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืจืฉ ืื—ื“ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื›ื” ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช?


ื ืจืื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืกืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ 'ื’ืžืœ' ื•'ืขื–ื‘'. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืจื ืขื•ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ืžื•ืขื ืงืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืœืื“ื. ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื–ืืช, ื™ืฉื ื• ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืฆืœ ื”ืื“ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื›ืš ืฉื”' ื™ื™ืกื“ ืœื ื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืงืช ืฉืคืข ื•ืื™-ืชืœื•ืช ื’ื ื™ื—ื“ . ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ืจืžื– ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”"ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช" ืฉื‘ืฉืจืฉื™ื 'ืขื–ื‘' ื•'ื’ืžืœ', ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช 'ื˜ื‘', ื”ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืงืฉืจ ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™.


ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื’ืžื•ืœื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืชืžื™ื“, ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘, ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”' ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืžืŸ.


11 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช0 ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช
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